From Proficiency to Mastery: Perspectives, Engagement, and Innovation, a Conversation with Hubert L. Dreyfus and Stuart E. Dreyfus
This is an update on thinking about Proficiency, Expertise, and going beyond Expertise to Mastery (which is that innovative level of practice engagement).
The Dreyfus brothers point out that Mastery requires gaining new perspectives and responding innovatively through engagement in the concrete clinical situation, seeing new perspectives, and possibilities in the clinical situation.